Ingaruka yimodoka yimodoka knuckle forging uburyo bwo gutunganya tekinoroji

Imashini ikora ni kimwe mu bice byingenzi biri ku murongo w’imodoka, ishobora gutuma imodoka igenda neza kandi ikohereza icyerekezo cyo gutwara. Igikorwa kimwe ni ugukwirakwiza neza agaciro k'imfuruka kuzunguruka ku kiziga cy'imbere cy'imodoka, kugenzura ku gihe inzira y'imodoka igenda, bityo bikarinda umutekano w'imodoka; ikindi gikorwa nukwikorera umutwaro wimbere yimodoka, gushyigikira no gutwara ibiziga byimbere kugirango bizenguruke kuri kingpin, kandi bitware imitwaro ihindagurika iyo imodoka igenda. Kubwibyo, ipfunwe ntirisaba imbaraga zizewe gusa, ahubwo rigomba no kwemeza neza ko ryatunganijwe neza. Imiterere ya geometrike iragoye, kandi hariho imiterere myinshi ya geometrike igomba gutunganywa. Umwanya uburinganire hagati ya buri geometrike urasabwa kuba muremure. Urwego rwo gutunganya neza bizagira ingaruka kumikorere yimodoka ikora. Uru rupapuro rusesengura kwibagirwa byakozwe nuburyo bubiri butandukanye bwo guhimba, rugaragaza ingaruka zuburyo bwo gutandukana, kugabura amafaranga no kwibeshya kwibeshya rya steering knuckle forging tekinoloji yacyo yo gutunganya, kandi igashyira ahagaragara ibyerekeranye nigishushanyo mbonera no guhitamo ibibanza biri mubikorwa byo gutunganya.

Ibiranga imiterere yimikorere ya knuckle

Imiterere ya knuckle iragoye cyane, kandi yibanda kumiterere yibiranga ubwoko bune bwibice nka shaft, umwobo, impeta ya disiki, hamwe nikariso. Igizwe ahanini nibice bitatu: gushyigikira shaft, flange, hamwe na kadamu. Imiterere yuburyo bwa shitingi ishigikira ni uruzitiro rwateye intambwe, kandi imiterere yarwo ni umubiri uzunguruka ugizwe na coaxial yo hanze ya silindrike yo hejuru, hejuru ya conique, hejuru yurudodo, hamwe nigitugu cya shaft, inzibacyuho yuzuye nubuso bwanyuma butambitse kuri axe; igice cya flange kirimo ubuso bwa flange, guhuza bolt unyuze mu mwobo nu mwobo uhujwe kugirango ugabanye imipaka; ikadiri yikariso ni ikibanza cyububiko kigizwe namatwi yo hejuru no hepfo hamwe na flange hejuru yubuyobozi bwa knuckle.
Urebye kubijyanye no guhimba ikoranabuhanga, ibiranga ibiyobya buhanga ni: uruziga rushyigikiwe ni ruto, flange nini kandi rimwe na rimwe ifite ubuso bwihariye, ikadiri yikibanza ihindurwamo inguni α uhereye kumurongo wo hagati wigiti gishyigikiwe kandi ufite imiterere igoye. Ukurikije "GB12362-2003 Tolerance and Machine Allowance for Steel Die Forgings", guhimba ni igice gisanzwe kimeze nk'igice.

Kuyobora inzira yo gutunganya

Inzira nyamukuru itunganyirizwa mu gutunganya ipfunwe ni: gusya isura yanyuma yikinyamakuru, gucukura umwobo wo hagati kumpande zombi → bikabije guhindura isura yanyuma ya flange hamwe nikinyamakuru cya shitingi yingoboka → igice cya kabiri no kurangiza ikinyamakuru gishyigikira, kuzuza, kurangiza flange, guhindura umugozi winyuma → gucukura no gukanda kumutwe wimbere no hanze umwobo wa kingpin → kuzimya hejuru (nkuko bikenewe) → kurangiza gusya ibinini binini kandi bito bitwaje ibinyamakuru na fillets → ibimenyetso byo gushushanya → kugenzura no kubika.

Ingaruka zo guhimba uburyo bwo gutunganya ikoranabuhanga

1. Uburyo bwo guhimba

Hariho uburyo bubiri bwo guhimba uburyo bwo gukora ibiyobora knuckle kwibagirwa: gutandukana gutambitse (gutandukanya indege) no gutandukana guhagaritse (gutandukana guhagaritse). Gutandukana gutambitse ni uburyo bwo guhimba hamwe nindege yo hagati yo guhimba nkubuso bwo gutandukana. Kuberako ibice byambukiranya igice cya shitingi bitandukanye cyane nibya flange na fork ikadiri igice, inzira yo guhimba iragoye cyane kugirango ikwirakwize ubusa. Nubwo bimeze bityo, hazakomeza kubaho flash nini muguhuza hagati yigitereko cyingoboka na flange, kandi bizagenda bigabanuka gahoro gahoro yerekeza kumurongo kugeza bigeze mubugari busanzwe kumurizo. Igipimo cyo gukoresha ibikoresho byubu buryo bwo guhimba ni gito. Uburyo bwo gutandukana buhagaritse bushingiye ku ndege yo hagati ya flange kandi hitabwa ku cyuho cyo ku mpande zombi. Ubu buryo bwo guhimba burashobora gukoresha tekinoroji yo gufunga mugihe cyo kubanziriza guhimba, gusohora neza igiti hanyuma ugahindura uduce twinshi kumpande zombi, hanyuma ugahimbira bwa nyuma kugirango ukore kandi usohokane ibyuma birenze.
Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwo guhimba, uburyo bwo gutandukana hejuru, kugenera amafaranga yo gutunganya, no kwibeshya no kwihanganira umubyimba mugihe cyo guhimba bizagira ingaruka zitandukanye mugutunganya amapine. Cyane cyane mugikorwa cyo gucukura umwobo wo hagati kumaso yanyuma yikinyamakuru cyo gusya, guhindukira no gusya ikinyamakuru gishyigikira (reba gutunganya ibice A na B ku gishushanyo 1) hamwe nisura yanyuma ya flange, gutunganya imyobo yomekwe kumutwe uhuza ukuboko kwizengurutsa na feri, no gutunganya isura yanyuma hamwe nu mwobo wa kingpin mugice cya C) (reba gutunganya ibice). Kubwibyo, mugihe utegura tekinoroji yo gutunganya no guhitamo imiterere ihagaze, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zijyanye nuburyo butandukanye bwo kwibagirwa.
Igishushanyo mbonera cyibice byo gutunganya ibice
Igishushanyo 1 Igishushanyo mbonera cyibice bitunganya ibice

2. Kwibeshya kwihanganira no gutunganya amafaranga
Iyo gutandukana gutambitse gupfa gukoreshwa muguhimba icyerekezo, ubuso bwo gutandukana busanzwe bwatoranijwe mugice kinini. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2, AA nubuso bwo gutandukanya ibihimbano, kandi icyerekezo cyo guhimba ni perpendicular ku ndege aho ubuso butandukaniye, ni ukuvuga ku cyerekezo cyerekanwe na BB. Muri ubu buryo, guhimba byahimbwe no hejuru no hepfo bipfa. Amafaranga yo gutunganya ibice byo gutunganya ibihimbano aragabanijwe neza ku rufunzo rushyigikiwe, isura yanyuma ya flange, hamwe no hejuru no hepfo yo hejuru. Igishushanyo mbonera cyo guhimba kiri ku cyerekezo cyo guhimba, ni ukuvuga icyerekezo cya BB, muri rusange ni 5 ° ~ 7 °; mugihe cyo guhimba, kubera ihindagurika ryibintu nkubushyuhe bwo guhimba hamwe nimbaraga zo guhimba, impfu zo hejuru nu hepfo ntizishobora gukandamizwa rwose, bityo ihindagurika ryuburebure bwikigero kijyanye nicyerekezo cyo guhimba rizakorwa kumpimbano, mubisanzwe hamwe no kwihanganira ± 1mm; kandi ikosa ryatewe no kudahuza urupfu rwo hejuru no hepfo muri rusange ± 1.5mm.
Ubuso bwo gutandukana bwa vertical parting forging bwatoranijwe kugirango bube perpendicular kumurongo winkunga kandi unyuze hagati ya flange, ariko imiterere yibihimbano igena ko ubuso bwayo butandukanijwe nubuso bugoramye. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2, ubuso bugoramye bwerekanwe muri CC nubuso bwacyo bwo gutandukana, kandi icyerekezo cyo guhimba ni perpendicular kumurongo wo gutandukana, ni ukuvuga, icyerekezo cyerekanwe muri DD. Kwibagirwa byakozwe murubu buryo biratandukanye nibyakozwe na forode ya horizontal mubijyanye no kugabura amafaranga yo gutunganya. Bitewe no gukenera gutegurwa hejuru yo gupfa, nta mushinga uhinduka wakozwe, bityo amafaranga akeneye kongerwaho kuruhande rwimbere rwimbere no hepfo kugirango habe umushinga mwiza. Ibice byingenzi byerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 2 nka E na F. Usibye kongeramo bisanzwe byamafaranga yinkunga yingoboka, kugirango byoroherezwe kumanura igiti cyingoboka, hiyongereyeho inguni ya 1 ° kugeza 1.5 ° yongeweho icyerekezo cya axial. Dufashe ko igiti gishyigikirwa gifite uburebure bwa 200mm, bitewe no kongeramo umushinga w’inguni, inyongera y’inyongera kuva ku rufunzo ruto kugeza ku ijosi ry’inyuma ry’igiti cy’ingoboka ku mizi ya flange iziyongera kuva kuri 0 kugeza kuri 0.35 ~ 0.5mm, n’inyongera y’inyongera d = 200tan (1 ° ~ 1.5 °). Umubyimba wihanganira kwibeshya ni ± 1.5mm, ubyara icyerekezo cya DD, kandi ikosa ni ± 1.5mm, ribyara perpendicular yerekeza kuri DD.
Igishushanyo mbonera cya horizontal na vertical split bipfa kwibagirwa Igishushanyo cya 2 Igishushanyo mbonera cya horizontal na vertical divité bipfa kwibagirwa

3. Gutunganya ibintu bigira ingaruka
Ingaruka zitandukanye ziterwa nkamafaranga no kwihanganira muburyo bubiri bwavuzwe haruguru bwo kubabarira bigomba gusuzumwa mugihe hateguwe tekinoroji yo gutunganya, bitabaye ibyo bizagira ingaruka kumiterere yimikorere ya knuckle. Ingaruka zo gutunganya zigomba kwibandwaho ni:

. Izi nzira zombi zirahuzwa, cyane cyane inzira yo gucukura umwobo wo hagati. Umwobo wo hagati ntabwo uhagaze gusa kugirango ukurikirane ikinyamakuru gishyigikirwa, ahubwo ni ibipimo byerekana ubunini butandukanye hamwe no kwihanganira imyanya kuri shitingi. Niba umurongo uhuza ibyobo byombi bidashobora guhura na axe yingoboka ya shitingi yo guhimba mugihe cyo kuyitunganya, bizatera gukwirakwiza kutaringaniye kumpimbano no kugaragara nkikigereranyo cyo gutunganya ikinyamakuru oxyde (ni ukuvuga hejuru yubuso busigaye). Mugereranije ibice byikinyamakuru cyibibagiwe byakozwe nuburyo bubiri, urashobora kubona ko kumatwara yimikorere ikorwa na vertical split die die forging, kubera ko guhimba kwa nyuma igice cyigice cyingoboka gikozwe mumyanya ya silindrike, kuzenguruka iki gice nibyiza kandi marge ni imwe, kuburyo byoroshye guhitamo umwanya uhagaze mugihe utunganya umwobo wo hagati. Ariko, bitewe ningaruka ziterwa nibintu nko kudahuza, kwihanganira umubyimba, hamwe no gutema ibisigisigi, guhimba gutambitse bizakora uruziga rudasanzwe. Isaranganya ry'amafaranga ahantu hatandukanye h'ikinyamakuru rizahinduka cyane bitewe nimpamvu nyinshi. Ukurikije iyi miterere ihindagurika yikinyamakuru gihimbano, mugihe uhitamo aho umwobo wo hagati wo gutunganya, ugomba gutekereza kubishushanya hamwe na V-shusho ya V kuri 45 ° inguni kugeza gutandukana. Ibi birashobora kwirinda ingaruka ziterwa na flash ibisigara no kudahuza, kandi bigatuma umurongo uhuza umwobo wo hagati wegera umurongo wa theoretical center umurongo wikinyamakuru gihimbano, kugirango amafaranga yimashini akurikiraho atangwe neza.

. Uburebure bwurukuta rwa steering knuckle kingpin umwobo 11mm ni ngombwa cyane. Bifitanye isano n'imbaraga z'urukuta rwa kingpin, bityo bigomba kuba byemewe. Duhereye ku isesengura ryumubano uri hagati yurwego rwa axial, ihindagurika ryubugari bwurukuta rugomba kurebwa muburyo butandukanye bwo guhimba mugihe umwobo wo hagati wacukuwe murwego rwa mbere rwo gutunganya urusyo rwanyuma. Niba ari impimbano itambitse, igipimo cya axial cyo guhimba kibyara hejuru no hepfo bipfa, kandi ihindagurika ryacyo ryibasiwe cyane nikosa ryo guhimba. Niba ari impimbano yakozwe no guhagarikwa guhagaritse, igipimo cya axial ya forge ikorerwa murwego rwo hejuru no hepfo ipfa, kandi ihindagurika ryurwego rwa axial ryatewe ahanini no kwihanganira umubyimba wibihimbano. Kubwibyo, muriyi leta, birasabwa guhitamo urupfu rwo hejuru rwakozwe mu rupfu rumwe nubunini bwurukuta rwumwobo wa kingpin mugihe uhisemo icyerekezo cyambere cya axial positioning, ni ukuvuga, hitamo ubuso bwa flange hafi yikibanza.

. Iyo utunganije umwobo uhuza impande zose, mugihe cyose umwanya uhagaze hagati yumwobo wo hagati wumutwe winkingi wukuri, uburebure bwurukuta ruzengurutse umwobo uhuza bizaba bimwe. Kubabarira byakozwe no gutambuka gutambitse, igice cya flange cyakozwe murwego rwo hejuru no hepfo. Bitewe ningaruka zo kwibeshya no kwihanganira umubyimba, kandi ukurikije ikibazo cyo hagati yumwobo wo hagati wasesenguwe hejuru, mugihe utunganya umwobo wihuza ukikije flange, harikibazo cyo kuba umubyimba wurukuta rutaringaniye uzengurutse umwobo cyangwa muto cyane. Hagomba kwitonderwa. Nibiba ngombwa, birashobora gusabwa kongeramo amafaranga akwiye hafi yumwobo kugirango wirinde iyi ngaruka. Byongeye kandi, ubunini bwa flange bwibeshya bwakozwe no guhagarikwa guhagaritse bigira ingaruka ku kwihanganira umubyimba. Amafaranga yo gutunganya ya flange ya nyuma yo kwibagirwa mubice bitandukanye bizahinduka. Ibi kandi bigomba kwitabwaho mugihe cyo gutunganya.

. Mu myanya ya E na F yerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 2, cyane cyane umwanya wa F, amafaranga ni menshi. Dufate ko α = 7 °, ubujyakuzimu bwa metero 70mm, naho ingero zisanzwe zingana ni 3 °, kwiyongera kumafaranga yatanzwe kumizi ni: δ = 70tan7 ° + 70tan3 ° = 12.2mm. Muri ubu buryo, amafaranga manini yo kugabanya iki gice agomba kwitabwaho mugihe cyo gutunganya, cyane cyane gutunganya; mugihe amafaranga yo kwibagirwa gutambitse muri ibi bice ashobora gutegurwa hakurikijwe uburyo busanzwe, bityo rero umubare wo gukata ni muto, ariko kubera ko hari umushinga wamafaranga yo hagati hagati yibyuma byombi, kugirango hamenyekane neza ko umwobo wo hagati, iki gice gikunze gusya. Mubyongeyeho, mugihe utunganya ikibanza, ikinyamakuru gikoreshwa muburyo bwo guhagarara. Kubibagirwa bihagaritse, bitewe ningaruka zamakosa, amafaranga yo gutunganya ikibanza azahinduka, kandi mugihe gikomeye, amafaranga yo gutunganya azaba adahagije kandi hazakorwa igipimo cya oxyde.

Umwanzuro
Byombi bitambitse kandi bihagaritse bikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibinyabiziga byimodoka yibagirwa. Kubijyanye no kuyobora ibicuruzwa byakozwe muburyo butandukanye, kubera itandukaniro ryuburyo bwo gukora, kugabura amafaranga yo kugabura no gutandukanya ibice byo gutandukana, isesengura rigamije rigomba gukorwa mugihe cyo gutunganya imashini, kandi hagomba gufatwa ingamba ukurikije ibihe bitandukanye, kugirango uburyo butandukanye bwo gutondeka no gukata bushobora gukoreshwa mugikorwa cyo gutunganya umwobo wo hagati wo gutunganya ibiti bifasha, gutunganya flange no gutunganya fork, kugirango ubone tekinoroji nziza yo gutunganya.